Introduction:- The major source of air pollution are flue gases, emissions from refineries and factories etc. on one hand and 60% of air pollution are due to automobile exhaust emission in other hand. The I. C Engine exhaust contains several pollutants in the form of oxides of Nitrogen (Nox) which are toxic and facing severe criticism. If the concentration exceeds 100 ppm in enclosed space, if may even cause death.
Effects of automobile pollution on environment and human beings:
Types of Automobile emissions:
The vehicle emissions contains following types of pollutants
Crank case blow by from the crank case hydro carbons are emitted
Measurement of Percentage of Pollutions from petrol and Diesel Vehicles with the help of exhaust gas analyzers
By using exhaust gas analyzer the measurement of percentage of following pollutants from petrol and Diesel Vehicles
Treatment of Exhaust gases by using catalytic converter
The exhaust gases from the engine are passed through CATALYTIC
CONVENTER
A catalytic converter is a cylindrical unit about the size of small silencer and it installed in to the exhaust system of a vehicle. It is placed between the exhaust manifold and silencer in the exhaust system of a vehicle. Inside the converter there is a honey corn structure of a ceramic or metal . Which is coated with aluminum base material and there after a second coat of precious metals platinum, palladium or rhodium or combination of the same.
The second coating serves as a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance which causes a chemical reaction that normally does not happen in to the given conditions. As a result catalytic reaction as the exhaust gases pass over the converter substance, toxic gases such as co, the and NOX are converted in to harmless CO2,H2 and N2 . There are two types of catalytic converters.
A Two way converter which is used to control only CO and HC commissions by oxidation
A Three way converter Which is used almost in all petrol cars It controls CO and HC by oxidation
As well as NOX by reduction.
Effects of automobile pollution on environment and human beings:
- The Oxides of Nitrogen together with hydro carbons react in the presence of sunlight and form
- Polto chemical smog. If effects the bad condition on crops Animals,Birdscracking in rubber etc.
- It Causes eyes irritation, objectionable odour.
- It causes reduction in visibility, results traffic hazards.
- The soot particles in the exhaust gases settle down on buildings and trees if may thus spoils appearance of buildings in the long run.
- The exhaust smoke is dangerous for health and causes troubles in breathing Problems.
Types of Automobile emissions:
The vehicle emissions contains following types of pollutants
- Exhaust emissions
- Carbon Monoxide
- Un burnt hydro carbons
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Lead oxides
- Sulphur dioxide
- Smoke
- Evaporative Emissions
- Carburettor
- fuel tank
- petrol bunks
Crank case blow by from the crank case hydro carbons are emitted
Measurement of Percentage of Pollutions from petrol and Diesel Vehicles with the help of exhaust gas analyzers
By using exhaust gas analyzer the measurement of percentage of following pollutants from petrol and Diesel Vehicles
Treatment of Exhaust gases by using catalytic converter
The exhaust gases from the engine are passed through CATALYTIC
CONVENTER
A catalytic converter is a cylindrical unit about the size of small silencer and it installed in to the exhaust system of a vehicle. It is placed between the exhaust manifold and silencer in the exhaust system of a vehicle. Inside the converter there is a honey corn structure of a ceramic or metal . Which is coated with aluminum base material and there after a second coat of precious metals platinum, palladium or rhodium or combination of the same.
The second coating serves as a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance which causes a chemical reaction that normally does not happen in to the given conditions. As a result catalytic reaction as the exhaust gases pass over the converter substance, toxic gases such as co, the and NOX are converted in to harmless CO2,H2 and N2 . There are two types of catalytic converters.
A Two way converter which is used to control only CO and HC commissions by oxidation
A Three way converter Which is used almost in all petrol cars It controls CO and HC by oxidation
As well as NOX by reduction.
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